Encoding and Decoding of Convolutional Codes with Viterbi Algorithm

Convolutional coding is an encoding and decoding technique that employs the Viterbi algorithm for decoding operations. This method converts input information sequences into encoded sequences, which are then transmitted to the receiver for decoding. The encoding process typically involves shift registers and XOR operations to generate parity bits, while the Viterbi decoder uses trellis diagrams and path metrics to determine the most likely transmitted sequence. Although the encoding and decoding processes for convolutional codes are relatively complex, they offer significant advantages in error correction capability and interference resistance. The Viterbi algorithm implementation involves calculating branch metrics, updating path metrics, and performing traceback operations to recover the original sequence. By comparing the performance of coded and uncoded systems through metrics like Bit Error Rate (BER) versus Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), we can demonstrate the superiority of convolutional codes in enhancing data transmission reliability. The Viterbi decoding algorithm serves as an efficient method for decoding convolutional encoded sequences and reconstructing the original information sequence. Therefore, when designing and implementing convolutional code systems, the Viterbi decoder represents a crucial component that requires careful consideration of parameters such as constraint length, code rate, and survivor path depth.