Improved Cluster Head Selection Algorithm for LEACH Protocol

The improved LEACH-H protocol enhances the cluster head selection algorithm by incorporating residual energy factors during the election process. The implementation involves setting an energy threshold parameter (typically defined as E_threshold) that prevents nodes with insufficient energy from participating in cluster head elections. This threshold-based filtering can be implemented through conditional statements in the node selection function, where each node compares its current energy level against the predefined threshold before declaring candidacy.

Building upon LEACH protocol's foundation, the enhanced LEACH-H version adds sophisticated energy-aware mechanisms. The cluster head adjustment process employs neighbor detection algorithms to identify tightly clustered heads using distance calculation functions (e.g., Euclidean distance between node coordinates). When two cluster heads are within a critical proximity range, the algorithm triggers a reelection process that considers both energy levels and spatial distribution. This dynamic adjustment is typically implemented through periodic neighbor scanning and cluster head negotiation protocols.

The protocol further optimizes network energy consumption through intelligent cluster head redistribution. The algorithm includes functions for necessary cluster head addition in sparse areas, which involves monitoring cluster member counts and triggering new elections when member nodes exceed optimal thresholds. This balanced approach addresses LEACH's original limitations through mathematical optimization models that minimize overall energy dissipation while maintaining communication quality.

Network simulations conducted using platforms like MATLAB or NS-2 demonstrate the algorithm's effectiveness through performance metrics including network lifetime analysis, energy consumption distribution charts, and cluster head distribution maps. The simulation code typically implements energy calculation modules, cluster formation algorithms, and data transmission models to validate the protocol's improved energy efficiency and extended network survival rates compared to standard LEACH implementations.