Design and Fabrication of Diffractive Optical Elements (DOEs) Using MATLAB

MATLAB provides a robust platform for designing and fabricating diffractive optical elements (DOEs), significantly streamlining the entire workflow. Engineers can implement key algorithms such as iterative Fourier transform algorithms (IFTA) for phase retrieval, Gerchberg-Saxton algorithms for beam shaping, and scalar diffraction theory calculations using MATLAB's built-in functions like fft2/ifft2 for Fourier transforms. The software enables precise modeling of wavefront propagation through optical systems using angular spectrum method or Fresnel diffraction implementations. Designers can generate complex phase profiles through gradient-based optimization techniques and validate designs with electromagnetic simulation tools. MATLAB's computational capabilities allow for automated parameter sweeps, tolerance analysis, and integration with fabrication equipment through G-code generation or STL file export. By leveraging MATLAB's Image Processing and Optimization toolboxes, developers can create high-efficiency DOEs with reduced sidelobes and improved diffraction patterns, while simultaneously optimizing manufacturing parameters to minimize production time and cost. The environment supports comprehensive performance evaluation through metrics like diffraction efficiency calculation and modulation transfer function (MTF) analysis, making it indispensable for developing advanced DOEs for applications ranging from laser beam shaping to holographic displays.