MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification) Algorithm for DOA Estimation

This article presents a MATLAB implementation of the MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification) algorithm and discusses its application in calculating Direction of Arrival (DOA). The MUSIC algorithm is a spatial signal processing technique that analyzes signal propagation characteristics in space to estimate DOA. In the algorithm implementation, we first extract signal features using signal processing techniques, then construct a spatial correlation matrix from these features. The key MATLAB functions involved include calculating the covariance matrix using cov() or x*x'/N, performing eigenvalue decomposition with eig() to separate signal and noise subspaces, and computing the MUSIC spectrum through pseudospectrum estimation. The algorithm then utilizes this correlation matrix to compute signal DOA, represented as angular values. These angular measurements help determine signal propagation directions and find wide applications in signal processing systems such as radar, sonar, and wireless communications. The implementation typically involves array signal processing techniques where sensor array data is processed to identify dominant eigenvectors corresponding to signal directions while rejecting noise subspace components.