Image segmentation involves partitioning an image into meaningful, complementary, and overlapping regions. Prior to segmentation, the number of image regions is unknown. Post-segmentation, each region must satisfy both homogeneity and connectivity criteria. This complex process is typically studied for specific image types or applications. Threshold-based segmentation determines an optimal threshold value to classify pixels as foreground (1) or background (0) by comparing pixel intensities. Key algorithms include direct thresholding, Otsu's method (inter-class variance maximization), watershed algorithm, minimum error thresholding, and maximum entropy methods. Code implementations typically involve histogram analysis, threshold calculation, and pixel classification operations.
MATLAB
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