Adaptive Beamforming Technology

Application Background Beamforming technology is a vital research area in array signal processing. The development history of array signals can be traced back to the adaptive antenna combination technology in the 1940s, which utilized phase-locked loops for antenna tracking. The core implementation of beamforming involves applying weighted summation to each array element's output, steering the antenna array beam toward a specific direction within a given time frame. The steering position that yields maximum output power for the desired signal provides the Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation. Key Technologies The entire process can be implemented through iterative methods until predefined convergence criteria are met. Initial estimation values can be obtained using the McCulloch method. The regression estimation mentioned demonstrates consistent convergence and asymptotic unbiasedness. Simulation results from Koutrouvelis indicate that the regression method outperforms the quantile method. The regression approach requires minimal computational resources and is relatively straightforward to implement in code through matrix operations and optimization algorithms.