EEG (Electroencephalogram) as a Bioelectrical Signal Reflecting Brain Activity

EEG (Electroencephalogram) is a bioelectrical signal that reflects brain activity. Due to its high time-varying sensitivity, EEG signals are highly susceptible to external interference during acquisition. Physiological activities such as eye movements, blinking, electrocardiogram (ECG), and electromyogram (EMG) can introduce noise (artifacts) into genuine EEG signals. This noise significantly complicates the analysis and processing of EEG data. Researchers have proposed numerous methods ranging from artifact removal techniques in EEG to noise elimination effect evaluation. This paper presents a MATLAB-based implementation for subtracting various EEG signal artifacts using algorithmic approaches.