Genetic Algorithm
Genetic Algorithm (GA), a type of evolutionary algorithm, simulates the natural selection principle of "survival of the fittest" in biological evolution. Originally proposed by Professor J. Holland at the University of Michigan in 1967, the algorithm starts with a population representing potential solutions. Each individual in the population is encoded using genes, requiring an initial mapping from phenotype to genotype. Implementation generally involves creating an initial population array, where each row represents an individual with encoded parameters. After generating the initial population, the algorithm evolves better approximations over generations by selecting individuals based on fitness scores and applying genetic operators like crossover and mutation.