Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is a probabilistic algorithm for finding optimal paths, initially proposed by Marco Dorigo in his 1992 PhD thesis. Inspired by ants' path-seeking behavior during food searches, this algorithm combines distributed computing, positive feedback mechanisms, and heuristic search characteristics. As a heuristic global optimization technique within evolutionary algorithms, ACO simulates collective intelligence through pheromone-based communication. The algorithm is widely applied in route planning, logistics optimization, and combinatorial problem-solving, with implementations often involving pheromone matrix updates and probabilistic path selection functions.
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