Improvements to the LEACH Protocol

We propose improvements to the LEACH protocol by modifying the cluster head selection mechanism. One significant enhancement involves implementing a distance-based probability model where nodes closer to the base station (BS) have higher probabilities of being elected as cluster heads. This modification can be implemented through a weighted probability function that inversely correlates with the distance to the BS, potentially using RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) or GPS coordinates for distance calculation. Such improvement enables more efficient network organization by reducing overall transmission distances and optimizing energy consumption patterns. The algorithm can be implemented by modifying the cluster head election phase to include distance-based weighting factors in the threshold calculation formula. This approach promotes better energy utilization efficiency and faster data transmission rates by minimizing long-distance communications and balancing the network load. The enhanced protocol demonstrates significant potential for improving overall network performance, particularly in terms of extending network lifetime and increasing data throughput. This improvement represents a valuable contribution to wireless sensor network protocols by addressing the energy imbalance issues in traditional LEACH implementations.