MATLAB Code Implementation for Beamforming Algorithms

In this article, we provide MATLAB simulation source code for three Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms: Beamforming, Capon, and MUSIC. We include 3D visualization plots for each algorithm to facilitate better understanding of their working principles. For the Beamforming algorithm, we explain its fundamental principles and applications in wireless communication and radar systems. The MATLAB implementation includes detailed steps for simulating the Beamforming algorithm, featuring key functions such as steering vector calculation and spatial spectrum computation. The code demonstrates how to configure array parameters and visualize the beam pattern in 3D space. Regarding the Capon algorithm, we discuss its advantages and limitations in DOA estimation applications. The provided MATLAB source code implements the Capon minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer, including covariance matrix estimation and inverse matrix operations. The implementation highlights how to achieve higher resolution compared to conventional beamforming while maintaining numerical stability. For the MUSIC algorithm, we provide a comprehensive explanation of its fundamental principles, strengths, and weaknesses, along with its applications in wireless communication and radar systems. The MATLAB code implements the MUSIC algorithm with eigenvalue decomposition of the covariance matrix and noise subspace identification. The simulation includes 3D spectrum plots showing precise peak detection for multiple signal sources, demonstrating the algorithm's high-resolution capabilities through practical examples. Each algorithm implementation includes: - Configuration parameters for antenna arrays and signal scenarios - Step-by-step computational procedures - Performance comparison through 3D spatial spectrum visualizations - Practical considerations for real-world implementation These detailed explanations and visualizations will help you thoroughly understand the implementation process and application methods of each DOA estimation algorithm.