Classical HEED Algorithm: Cluster-Based Routing Protocol Implementation

This document presents the classical HEED (Hybrid Energy-Efficient Distributed) algorithm and its MATLAB implementation based on cluster-based routing protocols. This topic serves as an excellent experimental platform for students, encompassing crucial concepts and techniques in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Through implementing HEED algorithm with cluster-based routing, students can learn energy consumption optimization strategies and achieve efficient data transmission and communication protocols. The implementation typically involves key functions for cluster head selection based on residual energy and node proximity, intra-cluster communication management, and data aggregation techniques. This hands-on approach provides practical experience in network initialization, cluster formation algorithms, and energy-aware routing mechanisms, helping students develop deeper understanding of WSN operational principles and application domains. The MATLAB code structure usually includes modules for network deployment, energy calculation functions, neighbor discovery protocols, and cluster head election processes using probabilistic approaches combined with residual energy metrics.