MATLAB Simulation Program for LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) Cluster Algorithm

This article presents a comprehensive guide to implementing LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) cluster algorithm simulation using MATLAB. The content begins with a detailed explanation of LEACH algorithm principles and operational steps, focusing on its energy-efficient approach for wireless sensor networks through dynamic cluster head rotation and randomized selection mechanisms. The core section provides a complete MATLAB code implementation demonstrating key components: network initialization with node positioning, threshold calculation for cluster head selection using T(n) formula, cluster formation through nearest-neighbor association, and energy consumption modeling for both transmission and reception operations. The code structure emphasizes modular functions for cluster head election, data transmission phases, and energy accounting with typical parameters like initial energy (E0), transmission distance (d), and amplifier energy (Eamp). Finally, the discussion covers potential enhancements and extensions, including multi-hop communication implementation, heterogeneous network support, and advanced cluster head selection criteria. The article aims to provide practical guidance for researchers interested in WSN protocols, with MATLAB serving as an effective platform for algorithm validation and performance analysis through metrics like network lifetime and energy distribution patterns.