High-Precision Time Delay Estimation for Low-Frequency Bandpass Signals

This document provides detailed methodologies for performing high-precision time delay estimation on low-frequency bandpass signals. The process involves implementing advanced algorithms and techniques to accurately measure signal arrival times, such as cross-correlation methods using FFT optimization for computational efficiency. The implementation typically includes handling signal preprocessing steps like bandpass filtering to isolate target frequencies and noise reduction techniques. A robust approach is presented to address common challenges in delay estimation, including multipath interference mitigation through maximum likelihood estimation algorithms and phase-based refinement methods for sub-sample accuracy. The content also covers practical application scenarios and case studies demonstrating the importance of time delay estimation in real-world engineering applications, such as underwater acoustic positioning systems and radar signal processing. Through these detailed explanations and practical examples, readers can comprehensively understand and master the techniques for high-precision time delay estimation of low-frequency bandpass signals, including code implementation strategies for key functions like signal alignment and peak detection algorithms.