Modeling Path Loss and Shadow Fading with Code Implementation

This research focuses on modeling path loss and shadow fading phenomena in wireless communication systems. Path loss represents signal power attenuation due to increasing propagation distance, while shadow fading accounts for signal strength variations caused by obstructions like buildings, trees, or terrain features. We employ mathematical models to characterize these effects and evaluate system performance through analysis of received signal power for various users within base station coverage areas. For implementation, path loss models typically use logarithmic distance-dependent formulas like the Log-distance Path Loss Model, where path loss (PL) increases logarithmically with distance: PL(d) = PL(d0) + 10n·log10(d/d0). Shadow fading is modeled as a log-normal random variable, often implemented using Gaussian distribution with zero mean and standard deviation σ. In simulation code, key functions would include: 1. Distance calculation between base station and users 2. Path loss computation using configurable path loss exponents 3. Shadow fading generation via random number generators 4. Combined received power calculation: Prx = Ptx - PL + Xσ The study results provide insights for optimizing wireless network design and planning, enabling improved service quality and coverage through accurate channel modeling. Performance evaluation metrics include signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) analysis and coverage probability calculations under different fading conditions.