Direction of Arrival Estimation for Broadband Signal Sources in Uniform Circular Array Mode Space

When estimating the direction of arrival for signal sources in uniform circular array mode space, it is essential to account for the broadband characteristics of the signal sources. This indicates that the signal sources exist across a relatively wide frequency range. During the estimation process, appropriate algorithms must be employed to handle these broadband signal characteristics to achieve accurate direction of arrival estimates. Key implementation considerations include frequency-domain processing techniques such as coherent signal subspace methods (CSSM) or incoherent processing approaches. Algorithm selection should focus on methods that can effectively handle wideband signal coherence across different frequency bins, potentially involving eigenvalue decomposition of covariance matrices and spatial spectrum estimation. The implementation typically requires constructing frequency-dependent steering vectors and applying proper focusing matrices to align signal subspaces across the operational bandwidth.