Carrier Synchronization Implementation Using Costas Loop

This article demonstrates the method of achieving carrier synchronization using a Costas loop. The fundamental principle involves adjusting the transmitter's carrier frequency through a loop filter to match the local initial frequency. In the implementation, predefined loop filter parameters C1 and C2 can be directly utilized in the code structure. The Costas loop algorithm typically consists of phase detectors, loop filters, and voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) that work collectively to minimize phase errors. Key functions include quadrature phase detection for error signal generation and proportional-integral (PI) filtering using C1/C2 parameters for stable convergence. While this method offers advantages in efficiency and accuracy, potential limitations such as performance degradation in high-noise environments should be considered. Therefore, practical applications require scenario-specific selection and optimization of loop parameters. The code implementation would typically involve calculating phase error, applying filter coefficients to update frequency estimates, and iterating until synchronization is achieved.