Array Signal Processing: Fundamental Algorithms for Spatial Spectrum Estimation - Music, Esprit, and Mp

Array signal processing is a technique for analyzing and processing signals that involves spatial spectrum estimation principles and fundamental algorithms. Among these, Music, Esprit, and Mp are commonly used spatial spectrum estimation algorithms. The Music algorithm estimates signal source directions by calculating spatial spectra based on the Direction of Arrival (DOA) of signals at the array, typically implementing a spectral peak search through eigenvalue decomposition of the covariance matrix. The Esprit algorithm estimates signal sources through eigendecomposition of array signals, employing rotational invariance techniques to solve for DOA parameters with lower computational complexity. The Mp algorithm improves estimation accuracy by fusing spatial spectrum estimation results from multiple signal sources, often incorporating maximum likelihood or weighted combination approaches. By utilizing these algorithms, we can better understand and process array signals for applications in various fields such as wireless communications and sonar systems.