Generator Excitation System Simulation with AC Exciter and Dual-Closed Loop Control

Simulation of generator excitation systems requires sophisticated modeling techniques to accurately represent complex electromechanical interactions. The dual-closed loop configuration provides enhanced control stability through coordinated regulation of voltage and current parameters. This implementation specifically includes an AC excitation machine, which necessitates additional modeling considerations for rotating machinery dynamics and power electronic interfaces. Key simulation components involve mathematical representation of synchronous generator dq-axis equations, excitation system transfer functions, and power system stabilizer algorithms. The implementation typically requires solving differential equations for rotor dynamics while maintaining numerical stability through appropriate integration methods like Runge-Kutta or trapezoidal rule approaches. Control system implementation features inner current loops for excitation current regulation and outer voltage loops for terminal voltage control. Code implementation often utilizes PID controllers with anti-windup protection and limiters to represent practical excitation system constraints. The AC exciter model requires additional attention to commutation processes and rectifier-inverter dynamics when implemented in simulation environments. Successful simulation development demands careful parameter identification from manufacturer data sheets or experimental measurements. Validation typically involves comparing simulation results with field tests under various operating conditions including load changes, fault scenarios, and grid disturbance events. The complete model enables engineers to analyze system performance, optimize controller parameters, and predict behavior during transient conditions.