2D Staggered Grid Acoustic Wave Simulation with PML Boundary Conditions for Seismic Applications

2D staggered grid acoustic wave simulation with PML boundary conditions serves as a powerful tool for seismic exploration and monitoring applications. This numerical modeling approach simulates acoustic wave propagation through subsurface media, enabling seismologists and geologists to gain deeper insights into Earth's internal structure and properties. The implementation typically involves solving the acoustic wave equation using finite-difference methods on a staggered grid, where velocity and pressure components are stored at different grid points to enhance numerical stability. PML boundary conditions are implemented through complex coordinate stretching and absorbing layers to effectively minimize unwanted reflections from computational domain boundaries, providing more realistic wave attenuation characteristics. Additionally, this simulation framework can be utilized in developing earthquake early warning systems and assessing seismic hazard potential, thereby contributing to reduced impact of earthquakes on human populations and environments. The incorporation of PML boundaries significantly improves simulation accuracy by better representing wave damping and reflection phenomena compared to traditional boundary conditions.