Hierarchical Block Matching Algorithm for Motion Estimation

This function implements a hierarchical block matching algorithm to calculate block motion vectors with integer pel accuracy. The hierarchical approach processes video frames at multiple resolution levels, starting with low-resolution versions for coarse motion estimation and progressively refining vectors at higher resolutions. This methodology improves both accuracy and computational efficiency compared to single-layer approaches. A key demonstration of this implementation is the "MEMBA" (Multi-resolution Block Matching Algorithm) main function, which serves as the primary entry point and can be invoked directly from the MATLAB command window. The algorithm utilizes the "EBMA" function as its fundamental building block to estimate motion vectors for individual macroblocks through exhaustive search patterns. Prior to execution, users must ensure proper configuration of input video files and relevant parameters including block size, search range, and hierarchy levels. The function incorporates pyramid decomposition techniques where Gaussian filtering and downsampling operations create the multi-resolution framework. While this implementation provides superior motion estimation accuracy, it operates at a slower computational speed due to its multi-layer processing structure. For applications requiring faster execution, alternative motion estimation algorithms like three-step search or diamond search may be more suitable, and the codebase can be modified accordingly to implement these variations. Important implementation note: This algorithm performs optimally with video sequences containing uniform motion patterns. Sequences with rapidly moving objects or complex motion dynamics may produce suboptimal results due to the hierarchical approach's inherent limitations in handling large motion displacements. The function includes boundary handling mechanisms and includes validation checks for motion vector consistency across resolution levels.