Target Bearing Determination Using the Average Sound Intensity Method

The target bearing measurement using the average sound intensity method has been verified, demonstrating that the estimated bearing matches the assumed bearing. To better understand this methodology, we need to examine the fundamental principles of sound intensity measurement and how target bearing is determined. The average sound intensity method calculates target direction by measuring sound intensity differences when audio signals reach different microphones. Typically implemented through cross-correlation algorithms or phase difference calculations between microphone pairs, this approach enables precise bearing measurements over relatively long distances without requiring prior knowledge of the sound source location. Key functions in the implementation include signal preprocessing (filtering and normalization), time-delay estimation using GCC-PHAT (Generalized Cross Correlation with Phase Transform), and bearing calculation through trigonometric transformations. Consequently, this method finds widespread application in various fields including military systems, audio engineering, and acoustic research, particularly in speaker localization and sound source tracking scenarios.