MATLAB Implementation of 2D FDTD for Wave Scattering Simulation

This project implements a two-dimensional Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method to simulate wave scattering from a rectangular prism. The simulation captures complex interference and diffraction patterns as waves interact with the prism structure, using MATLAB's computational capabilities for electromagnetic field analysis. The implementation utilizes the Yee algorithm with staggered grid spacing for electric and magnetic fields (Ex, Ey, Hz components). Key parameters include PML (Perfectly Matched Layer) boundary conditions to minimize reflections, Courant stability condition for time stepping, and material property definitions for the scattering prism. The code structure involves initializing field arrays, implementing update equations for Maxwell's equations using central differences, and applying source excitation (typically a Gaussian pulse or sinusoidal wave). Critical implementation aspects include defining the prism geometry through material indexing matrices, implementing field update loops with proper boundary handling, and calculating scattering parameters. The simulation tracks wave propagation through time steps while storing field values for post-processing and visualization. Post-simulation analysis includes far-field transformation using near-to-far-field calculations, RCS (Radar Cross Section) computation, and time-domain field visualization through animated plots and contour maps. The results provide insights into scattering mechanisms suitable for applications in metamaterial design, antenna development, and wave propagation studies. The MATLAB implementation demonstrates efficient matrix operations for field updates while maintaining numerical stability through careful parameter selection and boundary condition implementation.