Ray Tracing: Seismic Numerical Simulation in 2D Layered Media

The seismic numerical simulation process for 2D layered media using ray tracing requires consideration of multiple computational factors. First, the geological structure and medium parameters must be defined, including density values, velocity profiles, and attenuation coefficients. In code implementation, these parameters are typically stored in structured arrays or matrices representing different geological layers. The ray tracing algorithm involves multiple iterative calculations to optimize seismic wave propagation paths and wavefield variations at various points. This is typically implemented using shooting or bending methods where ray paths are calculated through Snell's Law application at layer interfaces. The core algorithm calculates travel times and amplitudes while tracking ray paths through heterogeneous media. A critical aspect involves balancing computational efficiency with accuracy to ensure reliable results within reasonable timeframes. Code optimization techniques may include adaptive step sizing, parallel processing for multiple rays, and hierarchical grid methods for path calculations. Practical implementations often utilize interpolation schemes for smooth velocity transitions and edge-case handling for critical angles and turning points. Therefore, seismic numerical simulation requires comprehensive consideration of geological parameters, algorithmic precision, and computational performance, with continuous optimization through techniques like velocity model refinement and ray density control.