Droop Control for Dual Micro-Power Sources

To ensure stable power supply maintenance, effective control of power transmission line sag (droop characteristics) is crucial. This implementation utilizes two micro-power sources configured for distinct operational modes: one dedicated to islanded operation and the other for grid-connected operation. The control algorithm incorporates power-sharing logic where active power (P) and reactive power (Q) are regulated through frequency (f) and voltage (V) droop characteristics respectively, using the fundamental equations: Δf = -k_p × ΔP and ΔV = -k_q × ΔQ. This configuration enables automatic load transfer during source failure events through seamless mode switching mechanisms. The system further integrates voltage regulation algorithms with proportional-integral (PI) controllers to maintain output voltage stability and mitigate fluctuations. Key functions include real-time power quality monitoring, synchronization check for grid reconnection, and protection coordination logic. Implementation typically involves DSP/FPGA-based controllers executing phase-locked loops (PLL) for grid synchronization and adaptive droop coefficient adjustment for optimal power distribution. These measures collectively minimize power interruptions and ensure reliable electricity supply for end consumers.