Classic Clustering Algorithm - LEACH Protocol

In modern technology, wireless sensor networks and unmanned aerial vehicle networks have become significant areas of focus. These networks require efficient algorithms to process data while enhancing performance and reliability. In this context, the classic LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) protocol serves as a widely adopted clustering algorithm. The algorithm organizes nodes in wireless sensor networks and UAV networks into clusters to enable more efficient data collection and transmission. Key implementation aspects include dynamic cluster head rotation through probabilistic selection, where nodes autonomously decide to become cluster heads based on predetermined thresholds. The protocol employs TDMA-based scheduling within clusters to minimize energy consumption during data aggregation. Its applications span diverse fields including environmental monitoring, precision agriculture, and intelligent transportation systems. The algorithm's significance lies in its distributed architecture that balances energy consumption across networks, typically implemented through modular code structures handling cluster formation, head election, and data routing phases.