Two-Dimensional Joint MUSIC Estimation for Elevation and Azimuth Angles Using Classical Uniform Circular Arrays

In classical uniform circular arrays, we can employ two-dimensional joint MUSIC estimation to determine signal elevation and azimuth angles. This method utilizes signal processing techniques on sensor arrays to achieve high-resolution direction finding. The fundamental principle involves analyzing received signals to identify signal source positions and directions through spectral estimation. Implementation typically involves constructing a covariance matrix from array observations, performing eigenvalue decomposition to separate signal and noise subspaces, and scanning a two-dimensional angular grid to identify peaks in the MUSIC spatial spectrum. Key algorithm steps include: 1. Array manifold vector calculation for circular geometry 2. Covariance matrix estimation from sampled data 3. Noise subspace identification via eigenvalue decomposition 4. Joint angular spectrum computation using orthogonal subspace properties This approach enables precise signal source localization and tracking, making it widely applicable in wireless communication systems, radar applications, and direction-finding scenarios where two-dimensional angle estimation is critical. The method's effectiveness stems from its super-resolution capabilities and robustness in coherent signal environments when properly implemented with forward-backward averaging or spatial smoothing techniques.