Direction of Arrival (DOA) Angle Estimation with MATLAB Implementation

Direction of Arrival (DOA) angle estimation represents a fundamental challenge in numerous signal processing applications. MATLAB provides an effective platform for implementing DOA estimation algorithms through customizable code. The implementation typically involves creating a sensor array simulation where received signals are processed using algorithms such as MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification), ESPRIT (Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques), or beamforming methods. The MATLAB code can be structured to model various array configurations (uniform linear array, circular array, etc.) and simulate incoming signals with adjustable parameters. Key functions may include array manifold matrix generation, covariance matrix computation, and eigenvalue decomposition for subspace-based methods. The implementation allows for incorporation of realistic factors like additive white Gaussian noise, signal-to-noise ratio variations, and multipath effects to assess estimation robustness. Through MATLAB's flexible programming environment, researchers can modify algorithm parameters, test different array geometries, and compare performance metrics like root mean square error and resolution capability. The code typically utilizes MATLAB's signal processing toolbox functions such as phased array system toolbox components for efficient array processing. This modular approach enables easy sharing and adaptation within the research community, facilitating collaborative improvements and advancements in DOA estimation methodologies for applications including radar systems, wireless communications, and acoustic source localization.