Simulation of Passive Acoustic Target Localization Algorithm Using Five-Element Cross Array

In this paper, we present a comprehensive simulation of passive acoustic target localization using a five-element cross array configuration. The implementation involves signal processing algorithms that estimate target parameters through time difference of arrival (TDOA) calculations. We will provide detailed analysis of estimation accuracy for azimuth angle, elevation angle, and distance measurements, along with direction finding and ranging precision metrics. The simulation code incorporates phased array signal processing techniques, including covariance matrix computation and MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification) algorithm for direction of arrival estimation. We will explain each processing step, covering acoustic source localization, signal preprocessing, and data analysis methodologies. The study further investigates how various factors impact results, including signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) effects, sensor array geometry optimization, and environmental condition modeling through appropriate attenuation coefficients. Finally, we summarize the research findings and discuss potential future research directions for improving localization accuracy in complex acoustic environments.