Polarization Array Signal Processing for DOA and Polarization Parameter Estimation

In signal processing, polarization array technology enables direction of arrival (DOA) estimation and polarization parameter estimation. This technique utilizes 6-dimensional electromagnetic wave vectors containing electric and magnetic field intensity/direction information along with polarization characteristics. Polarization arrays can employ various configurations including linear and circular geometries to meet different application requirements. This technology finds applications in radar systems, communication systems, and other electromagnetic domains. The core implementation involves using five invariances between electromagnetic wave vectors for array geometry design, typically implemented through algorithms that extract polarization information using covariance matrix decomposition or subspace methods. Key computational steps often include constructing spatial-polarization joint covariance matrices, performing eigenvalue decomposition to identify signal subspaces, and applying parameter estimation algorithms like ESPRIT or MUSIC with polarization extensions to ensure processing accuracy and reliability across different array configurations.